Jerome gives the like information ( Illustrious Men 2), but adds that with time its authenticity became universally admitted.
It is wanting in the Muratorian Canon, and because of the silence of several of the Western Churches regarding it, Eusebius classes it amongst the Antilegomena or contested writings ( Church History III.25 and II.23) St. In the first centuries of the Church the authenticity of the Epistle was doubted by some, and amongst others by Theodore of Mopsuestia it is therefore deuterocanonical. Epiphanius may explain some ecclesiastical doubts about the Apostolic origin of the Epistle, and consequently about its canonicity. In the Eastern Church, however, the authority of Eusebius and St. The greater number of the Fathers in the Western Church identify the author with James the Apostle. See the testimonies in the section following. From the middle of the third century, ecclesiastical authors cite the Epistle as written by St. Its later recognition in the Church, especially in the West, must be explained by the fact that it was written for Jewish Christians, and therefore not widely circulated among the Gentile Churches. The literary relation between the Epistle of James and the Epistle to the Romans is doubtful. Irenæus see Mienertz, "Der Jacobusbrief", Freiburg im Br., 1905, p. Some coincidences, or analogies, exist between the Epistle and the Apostolic Fathers ( Clement of Rome, the Pastor of Hermas, St. External evidence begins at a comparatively late date.
Internal evidence (contents of the Epistle, its style, address, date, and place of composition) points unmistakably to James, the Lord's brother, the Bishop of Jerusalem, as the author he exactly, and he alone, fulfils the conditions required in the writer of the Epistle. JAMES THE LESS the view that the Lord's brother must be identified with James, the son of Alpheus, is by far the most probable). The author is commonly identified with the Lord's brother, the Bishop of Jerusalem (see ST. The questions concerning this epistle are treated in the following order: I.
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